Last Tango in Paris

  Paul is an American trying to recover from the death of his French prostitute wife. Although he resents her for what she has done to him, he can never overcome his love for her, leading him to a life of contrasting emotions. We know those emotions due to the many reoccurring motifs seen throughout the film. In the film, it is understood that Paul is in a state of confusion that is unbeknownst to us at the time, through Bertolucci capturing him in low-key lighting. In many scenes of the first act of the film, the audience is unable to look at Paul’s face completely due to the overwhelming presence of shadows.For example, when Jeanne goes up to the apartment for the first time she is startled by Paul sitting alone in an empty room in the dark. He is unsure of who he is at this point in his life, if he doesn’t know that, then how or why should anyone else. Shadows are a great way to portray this to an audience because they are only limited to how much they can see of h im. Searching for answers to who you are is a big theme for both characters in the film; the eyes are the best way to read a person. Throughout the film Paul and Jeanne are looking through multiple windows and doorways.Another motif used in the film to display Paul’s uncertainty is having by having him constantly in a scene where Paul and the audience are capable of seeing a reflection of his face, most notably a mirror. His reflection allows to Paul to look at himself and try and figure out who he is or what he has done in the past. There are 2 instances where I believe the inclusion of a mirror and reflection made the scenes unforgettable, the first is the disturbing â€Å"butter† scene, and the second is at the conclusion of the film where Jeanne and Paul are at the Tango competition.I see the mirrors as a fore-shadow that a different emotion or â€Å"personality† is present of Paul. In the first scene mentioned, nothing seemed out of the ordinary when Jeanne came back, Paul was 2 sitting by himself eating, but she opens a dresser door and we see the reflection of devilish look on Paul’s face. An uneasy feeling takes over, and something odd is going to occur. The second scene is the scene in the Tango hall, with mirrors lining up the walls inside, the feeling of something unknown returns.Of course, by the end of the film Paul has completely changed, and wants to start a new life with Jeanne, but he has only become obsessed with her and chases her down the streets of Paris. What makes this so powerful is that the audience is left thinking whether he is the same way he as the entire film or is he actually the person he sees in the mirror at the end. What makes the character of Paul so unique and interesting is all the different emotions this man has gone through in his recent years.There are times when he is lonely, confused, happy, sad, and especially scared, it seems that at any moment he can change into a different mood. When Pa ul and Jeanne first meet, Paul already has a wall up from getting to know another women, because he has been deeply scarred by his wife’s affairs, Paul had lost his belief in love. He is terrified to open up and talk to Jeanne on a more personal level; Jeanne only tells him her name right before Paul is shot. The risk of being hurt by another women is the reason why Paul always preferred never to talk about there past personal lives.

Daddy by Sylvia Plath

The poem â€Å"Daddy† by Sylvia Plath paints a great picture of a daughter and her Nazi father, but this poem is more than just that. It symbolizes the relationship that they once had, and how it has affected her throughout her whole life. This poem also shows a very generalized depiction of how women see men who have treated them not so greatly. Although Sylvia’s father was German, he was not a Nazi, which is how she depicted him in her poem â€Å"Daddy,† She imagines her father as an ordinary man when she states: â€Å"You stand at the blackboard, daddy, in the picture I have of you. A cleft in you chin instead of your foot but no less a devil for that, no not any less the black man who bit my pretty red heart in two, I was ten when they buried you. At twenty I tried to die and get back, back, back to you.† This â€Å"ordinary man,† in her eyes, has turned into a devil that broke her heart. He treated her poorly, or so that this is impression that we get when she tells us that she was treated like a â€Å"Jew in Dachau.† Having a father figure in one’s life is very important in how that person grows up, and in what type of person they become, as they grow older. Sylvia’s father had a great deal influence in her life, both for the good and the bad. But, she has always been scared of her father by the way he treated her. This may have been one of the biggest reasons why she was suicidal, and why many people considered her crazy. You can tell that Sylvia very much has had a love-hate relationship with her father throughout her whole life, and we can tell that she has always wanted to love her father. But, her relationship and her memories of her father all seem to go downhill, even after he had died. In writing this poem, Sylvia may be trying to dismiss her memories of her father, and finally let go of the fact that he is dead. She is clearly not over her father’s death at the time this poem was written, which was twenty-two years after the event. Sylvia attempts to show that her relationship with her father was a love-hate relationship many times in this poem. To prove the hate side of the relationship, she states â€Å"Daddy, I have had to kill you. You died before I had time,† in the first stanza, in the eleventh stanza, â€Å"No less a devil for that, no not any less the black man who bit my pretty red heart in two,† and in the last stanza, â€Å"Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through.† To prove that she loved her father she states, â€Å"I used to pray to recover you† in the third stanza, and â€Å"At twenty I tried to die and get back, back, back to you† in the twelfth stanza. Many people say that they have a love-hate relationship with someone close to them, but I think it is rare if it ever reaches the severity of Sylvia’s relationship with her father. We see many different events of Sylvia’s relationship with her father in this poem, and although he died when she was eight, she seems to remember much of that time in her life. This could mean two things, either she is blowing her relationship with her father way out of proportion, or this relationship really was terrible. Either way, she is putting the issue on a pedestal, and letting it affect her much more than it should. Most suicidal people tend to think that the issue that they are dealing with is not worth living with. Life is precious, whether we believe it or not. No issue should affect us so greatly that we do not want to live life anymore. I am not trying to mock, but I honestly feel that people who are suicidal are just trying to get attention, but that’s a different topic for a different paper. On another note, this poem assumes that all Germans were people who hated Jews, and were Nazis. She writes, â€Å"I thought every German was you.† Sylvia has made the same mistake that many people have made since before World War II. Not all Germans were Nazis, just as all Russian soldiers in the Red Army were not considered Communist, although Russia was a communist country at the time. That is one assumption that this poem makes that is false. Emotions are what drive us to sanity's edge and the effects are far greater than what you would expect out of mere feelings. Unfortunately, Sylvia Plath committed suicide not long after this poem has been written. This poem shows her feelings regarding that of her father throughout her life, and we can only hope that she and her father are in a much more peaceful state now.

India And China s World s Oldest Civilization Essay

Introduction India and China are two of the world’s oldest civilization and they have shared a long history of cultural, scientific and economic linkages. In this day and age considering the recent GDP numbers from China and India: Beijing (Capital of China) says its ‘grew by a respectable 6.7% in the first three months of 2016, while New Delhi (Capital of India)reported a remarkable 7.9% expansion in the same period. Together (India and China) they account for 16% of the world GDP, or about $13trillion. But the World Bank only showed the growth of 2.5% in its latest outlook. (CNN) Type of Firm I think office and school supplies would be the best type of business to kick start with as these types of products are in demand all year round, so I won’t have to worry about marketing sales. As there are large numbers of school and businesses in almost every country; products such as pencils, pens, papers of different kinds, notebooks, and others will always be in constant demand. Political/Legal China and India they both have bureaucracy systems created by history and tradition. Since the establishment of China’s market in foreign investors in 1978 and India’s market in 1991, they have slowly been, moving from centrally planned economic system towards decentralization. However, in spite of their continuous movement in order to provide a business environment, some significant problems still exist. After realizing that foreign investment are the key source ofShow MoreRelatedIndi The Largest Exporter Of The Most Popular Games780 Words   |  4 PagesMangoes India is the largest producer of mangoes in the world. Every year, over 15 million tons of mangoes are produced in India. India alone produces around 40% of world s total mangoes. Despite being the largest producer, India is not the largest exporter of mangoes due to the fact that much of the mangoes are consumed in India itself. Chess The earliest form of chess originated from India in the 6th century and was played using four members of army which were cavalry, elephantry, chariotry andRead MoreImpact Of Geography On China Ancient China1080 Words   |  5 PagesImpact Of Geography On China Ancient China is one of the oldest and longest lasting civilizations in the world. The Ancient Chinese have thrived for thousands of years because of the geography, their skills, and their talents. Throughout history, rivers such as the Yangtze and Huang He rivers made China thrive for thousands of years. While other features such as deserts and mountains like the Gobi, Himalayas, and the Taklimakan isolated the Chinese and kept other civilizations from culturally diffusingRead MoreHistory Of India s History As A Country1259 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of India India’s history as a country is one that extends far before the turn from B.C. to A.D. India can lay claim as one of the World’s oldest and most economically sound civilizations. Between 2800 B.C. and 1800 B.C. Indian civilization was known as the Indus Valley civilization. During that time, many of India’s city-sates were well established, and had prosperous trade relationships with other civilizations. During the time period before India was colonized by Great Britain, India wasRead MoreAncient Greek Architecture : The Doric Style And The Ionic Design Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagesfashioned either as mummies or as living persons dressed in fine linen garb, but in later periods their appearance changed more to that of servants. 3). Ancient Egyptian art is the painting, sculpture, architecture and other arts produced by the civilization of Ancient Egypt in the lower Nile Valley from about 3000 BC to 100 AD. Ancient Egyptian art reached a high level in painting and sculpture, and was both highly stylized and symbolic. Much of the surviving art comes from tombs and monuments andRead MoreLanguage Acquisition And Its Effects On The Country s Economy And Civil Considerations1555 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Advanced Research on Language Acquisition, 2014). China is one of the most complex nations in the world. From its numerous aspects of culture to its intricate physical geography and storied military history. My paper will provide a brief view of the nation s language, music, religion, cuisine, and arts. I will also provide a weather analysis and how its effects on the country s economy and civil considerations. Language The language in China is Standard Chinese regionally referred to PutonghuaRead MoreChinese Culture And Its Effects On The Country s Economy And Civil Considerations1557 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Advanced Research on Language Acquisition, 2014). China is one of the most complex nations in the world. From its numerous aspects of culture to its intricate physical geography and storied military history. My paper will provide a brief view of the nation s language, music, religion, cuisine, and arts. I will also provide a weather analysis and how its effects on the country s economy and civil considerations. Language The language in China is Standard Chinese regionally referred to PutonghuaRead MoreThe Era Of The Oldest Recorded Dynasty Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesA history rich country, China stands as one of the most ancient civilizations that modern humanity knows of. The oldest recorded dynasty was the Xia which was at its peak around 1800BCE. Dynasty after dynasty came next, over twenty different dynasties have risen and fallen in Chinese history. The last being the Qing Dynasty which ended in 1911 and ultimately led to the rise of the People’s Republic of China which was founded in 1949 as a Communist Party. This gave rise to their economy which is toRead MoreChinese Culture And Its Effects On The Country s Economy And Civil Considerations1558 Words   |  7 Pagesfostered by social structures unique to the group. China is one of the most complex nations in the world. From its numerous aspects of culture to its intricate physical geography and storied military history. My paper will provide a brief view into the nation’s language, music, religion, cuisine, and arts. I will also provide a weather analysis and how its effects on the country’s economy and civil considerations. Language The language in China is Standard Chinese (known locally as Putonghua), whichRead MoreCulture And Its Effects On The Country s Economy And Civil Considerations1553 Words   |  7 Pagesfostered by social patterns unique to the group. China is one of the most complex nations in the world. From its many different aspects of culture to its complex physical geography and storied military history. My paper will provide a brief view into the nation’s language, music, religion, cuisine, and arts. I will also provide a weather analysis and how its effects on the country’s economy and civil considerations. Language The language in China is Standard Chinese (known locally as Putonghua),Read MoreExploring The Traditional Chinese Culture1365 Words   |  6 PagesChinese Culture China is one of the oldest civilizations on the planet, records of Chinese civilization dates back to around 1766 B.C.E. China is located in eastern Asia along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. With approximately 3.7 million square miles, China is the fourth largest nation in the world. In the west, the area consists of mountains, high levels, and desert. The eastern areas are described by fields, deltas, and hills, the highest point being the largest mountain in the world; Mount Everest

Freedom Is an Illusion - 1504 Words

‘Freedom is an Illusion Ââ€" Discuss Freedom is a concept that is held in high regard and cherished by the majority of people. We use this freedom every day to make choices concerning our actions and reactions to situations that we find ourselves in, whether that be the choice of what to eat, or more serious choices such as whether to abort an unwanted baby. Actions and decisions can be prevented or changed by circumstances beyond the control of the person, but by this point it is generally the case that a decision or choice has already been made by the person concerning the course of action that they were going to take. Determinists would argue a different perspective. Determinism is the belief that free will does not exist and that choices†¦show more content†¦The 19th Century novelist Samuel Boyle wrote a satire depicting the chaos that would ensue in a determinist and socialist society where people are imprisoned for catching a cold. This could be criticised however as not being an entirely apt criticism, because a determinist would argue that while it is accurate in that people who catch a cold are just as accountable as a thief or fraudster, that is only because neither can be held accountable. There is a movement known as soft determinism which attempts to draw together the ideas of universal causation, everything having a cause, and the evidence presented above, concerning our thought processes before performing an action. Soft determinism would state that indeed there are certain situations that must arise beyond our control, because universal causation would make this so. However they believe that we still make our own choices in every situation, as often with every situation that seems to arise that is beyond our control presents us with a choice at least of right or wrong. It is possible, looking at the causation argument that we are in fact free. Our actions are caused by our reasoning ability, we reason out what the best course of action would be and then we act upon that. Looking at it in this way we see thatShow MoreRelatedThe Decision That Should Matter But Do Not1527 Words   |  7 Pagesget or what bank should be trusted with one’s entire life savings. The decisions of oneself are simply an illusion that one control one’s own life. According to Barry Schwartz, the Western, industrialized world faces a new â€Å"Official Dogma† which is â€Å"†¦ if we are interested in maximizing the welfare of our citizens, the way to do that is to maximize individual freedom†¦ the way to maximize freedom is to maximize choice† (Schwartz). He describes how the western philosophy has described how to make a betterRead MoreEssay on Hedda Gabler1077 Words   |  5 Pagesat the top of her town’s social hierarchy. Because of Hedda’s social status and undeniable beauty she has the ability to control and manipulate those around her – but to a certain extent. The time the play was set in, women did not have a lot of freedom to do anything outside of getting married, having children and attending to the house. Hedda did not fit this mould that was created for women of that time. She was not very maternal individual and reactive negatively whenever the subject of a possibleRead MoreHow Oppon ents to Gay Marriage Offer Illusory Arguments1242 Words   |  5 Pagestruly makes a strong case for how six different types of illusions (or beliefs) truly disserve the human population. The six common illusions that the book discusses are the illusion of memory, the illusion of confidence, the illusion of knowledge, the illusion of cause and the illusion of potential. Chabris and Simon argue that one can see these illusions at work in a range of human interactions and current events. Sometimes these illusions demonstrate the fallibility of the human mind; sometimesRead More Theme of False Freedom in The Known World Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagescomes in many different disguises; it can be masked as power, as freedom - but these are merely illusions. People believe that they are truly free when they have control over others and are the ones in the powerful positions (positions of power). They strive for control and power in their lives hoping that it will offer them salvation and freedom and in return make life easier and give them an upper hand. However, freedom is unobtainable. The antebellum south is a perfectRead MoreThe Known World1092 Words   |  5 Pagesin many different disguises; it can be masked as power, as freedom - but these are merely illusions. People believe that they are truly free when they have control [p3] over others and are the ones in the powerful positions (positions of power). They strive for control and power in their lives hoping that it will offer them salvation and freedom and in return make life easier and give them an upper hand. However, freedom [p4] is unobtainable. The antebellum south isRead MoreHistory of America Mirrored in American Literature751 Words   |  3 Pagesable to achieve anything you wanted, meant that millions of immigrants moved to America. America claims to be a country which enables everyone to have equality and freedom however in the texts we can see it is rather a Capitalist and individualist country. The paradox of America can be seen through the fact that the Statue called freedom was built by slaves. The inequality can also be seen through the experience of individuals such as Abraham Lincoln who was assassinated for trying to abolish slaveryRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm756 Words   |  4 Pagesof communism in his allegory Animal Farm. He tells the story of differences between presentation and actuality in his book. Orwell shows the importance of how people will not rebel if there is an illusion of freedom. In the book, the pigs, who were the leaders of the farm, gives an illusion of freedom by gradually changing the rules from all animals are equal to all animals are equal but some are more equal. None of the animals were able to notice the small changes that the pigs were doing toRead MoreThe Giver As A Dystopian Society759 Words   |  4 Pagespeople can suffer in dystopian society. In The Giver, Jonas’ community appears to be a utopia, but in reality it is a dystopia because everyone is under the illusion that there is freedom, dehumanization, and their strict regulations. The Giver is considered as a dystopian society because everyone is under the illusion that there is freedom. An example of this is when the text states, â€Å"youre ready for the pills, thats all. That’s the treatment for the stirrings.† They cant even have independentRead MoreWhat are Optical Illusions? Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesOne wonders what an optical illusion is, â€Å"an optical illusion is a visually perceived image that differs from reality.† (Eifrig, 2014, n.p.). There are so many different types of optical illusions in which play with the brains of people. Optical illusions are normal because the majority of humans experience them. Humans’ vision tries its best to figure out what is happening to the picture, which then creates an image contradicting reality. Sometimes illusions can be entertaining because it foolsRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath And Huckleberry Finn Analysis819 Words   |  4 Pagesby John Steinbeck,   each book shows the American Dream in a different way. In The Grapes of Wrath, the American Dream is shown as in illusion. That being because America is going through the Great Depression and it’s very difficult to make a living or even have food on a plate. However, in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the American Dream is shown as both an illusion and a reality. This is because Jim and Huckleberry end up escaping their old lives to find one that is better and new, but along the

Analysis Of The Hobbit - 917 Words

Riddling Directing Settings According to (Rachel Cusk), new encounters (with others or a setting) are essential – â€Å"leaving things behind and starting again is a way of coping with difficulties.† Definitely, this thought is emphasized throughout J.R.R. Tolkien’s â€Å"The Hobbit† which utilises the protagonist’s (along with his band) adventures during his journey to display that there is always good to come out of a call for adventure. This is evident in the interactions and thoughts of Bilbo Baggins, who experiences tremendous growth and development during his quest (which he was forced to partake in) of reclaiming the dwarves’ stolen treasure. Even though at times it seemed grim, with nowhere to go, their quick wit pulled them through. Accordingly, in â€Å"The Hobbit†, through the analysis of how Bilbo his band copes with stressful situations during the length of the story, Tolkien reveals that the setting/environment directly affects a person’s ch aracter. Indubitably, at the beginning of the quest is where Bilbo feels most discomforted, with the warmth of his hobbit hole suffocating him. This very fact is emphasized during the exposition, when he denies Gandalf’s offer: â€Å"We are plain quiet folk and have no use for adventures†¦but the old man did not move.† (Tolkien 16) This demonstrates that Bilbo Baggins is stuck in his roots, his morals, and his background. Without a proper call to action, one’s place in society will always reflect upon their character. This is furtherShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Hobbit 941 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of The Hobbit Bilbo Baggins is a hobbit living in the Shire having a peaceful quiet life in his hobbit hole. One day after living a life of leisure and pleasure he is awakened by a rude knock on his door. In a matter of a few hours he will meet the people that changed his life for good. The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien is a story about a hobbit and his adventure. His adventure starts with a knock on his door by his old Friend Gandalf. Gandalf then promptly asks Bilbo†I am looking forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1329 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In September 21, 1937, the fantasy-fiction writer J. R. R. Tolkien published the first copy of the Hobbit. The composers of both the film and the novel employ sophisticated fantasy and adventure elements such as, mythical creatures which resemble human characteristics, fighting in large groups, singing for hope, quests to reach their main goal. Furthermore the composers of both texts emphasis on the elements of fantasy and adventure in detail by offering the audience a magical settingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Hobbit 3320 Words   |  14 Pagesnothing like looking, if you want to find something. You certainly usually find something, if you look, but it is not always quite the something you were after† (Tolkien). Certainly, when E.M Forster wrote A Passage to India or J.R.R Tolkien wrote The Hobbit or Kurt Vonnegut wrote Slaughterhouse -Five they were not looking for anything. However, they ended up finding a crucial link in their books–links to society at the time thei r books were published. 1924, 1937, 1969 or is it 1890, 2157 (Shire reckoning)Read MoreThe Hobbit Analysis768 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, The Hobbit, the author J.R.R. Tolkien, suggests when an individual pushes themselves to explore risk-taking, they take the opportunity to grow within themselves, and test the extent of their newfound values, which result in the character fostering a stronger sense of self-identity. Accepting the opportunity to experience risk allows the individual to push themselves, despite the possibility of danger towards oneself. In the Hobbit, the character Bilbo demonstrates risk-taking mostRead MoreThe Hobbit Character Analysis783 Words   |  4 Pages The Hobbit is a fantasy novel by J.R.R Tolkien. The main character in The Hobbit is a little hobbit named Bilbo Baggins. Unlike me, Bilbo Baggins hates adventures. When a wizard, Gandalf, approaches Bilbo about going on a grand adventure, Bilbo says no. However, Gandalf, with much effort, persuades Bilbo into going on a journey. Similarly, I was very hesitant when my mother approached me about visiting my step-sister in Abilene, Texas. Normally, I love to go on a trip, but this time my motherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hobbit takes after the mission of home-cherishing hobbit Bilbo Baggins to win an offer of the fortune watched by Smaug the mythical beast. Bilbo s trip takes him from cheerful, country surroundings into a viler region. The story is told as a rambling mission, and most sections present a particular animal or kind of creatures of Tolkien s topography. Bilbo picks up another level of development, capability, and intelligence by tolerating the offensive, sentimental, fey, and brave sides of hisRead MoreThe Hobbit Character Analysis1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hobbit is a fantasy novel, by J.R.R. Tolkien that tells the story of an unexpected story. Rather than being about a main character who is brave and noble, this story is about Bilbo Baggins, a predictable, mild-mannered hobbit. He lives in his cozy home and avoids anything out of the ordinary until he is presented with the opportunity of an adventure with Gandalf the wizard along with 13 dwarves. The goal is to take back the homeland of the dwarves from the dragon, Smaug, who has attacked andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 2659 Words   |  11 PagesFinding yourself is all about overcoming your fears. That means maybe doing things that have never been thought of before. I have read four fantasy books. The Hobbit, A Wrinkle In Time, City of Bones, and Shiver. The two movies I watched were The Curious Case Of Benjamin Button, and T he Last Dragon/ A Fantasy Made Real. Fear is a common connection within all of the books. Fear though is nothing more than an obstacle, that stands in the way of the progress. In overcoming our fears we canRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1418 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: The Hobbit Author: J.R.R Tolkien (1937) Many would say that indulging themselves into a mythical world of Dwarves and wizards is a bit out of the ordinary; however, I enjoy being a bit out of the ordinary. The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien is the absolute epitome of a fantasy/adventure novel. I chose this book because there is not a dull moment throughout the whole novel, and for that reason it is one of my favorites of all time. Tolkien s unique imagination brings his special world into the mindsRead MoreAnalysis of Tolkiens The Hobbit2109 Words   |  9 PagesJ.R.R. Tolkien starts his world renowned book The Hobbit with, â€Å"In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit† (1). This book is a tale of a small hobbit named Bilbo and his ever-memorable journey through the evil world during his time. Living in the Shire, as his homeland is called, it is very calm and pleasant for Bilbo, but once the outer limits of the land are reached Bilbo is in for a great surprise. Needing a burglar on his journey Gandalf the Grey, who is famous for his magic with fire and

International Business for Market Globalization- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Business for Market Globalization. Answer: Dimensions of Market Globalization: The case study video The new global challengers talks about the changes in the business process due to globalization. This has resulted in huge growth in cross border trade. The video explains about the key dimensions of market globalization which are as follows: Integration and interdependence of national economies: Achieving financial stability and economic growth is one of the major challenges facing countries today globally. The process of globalization or the integration of economies worldwide has become easier due to movement of good and services across border. Technological advancement has made it easier to complete trade and financial flows. Globalization has given people the opportunity to tap into diversified markets and this has facilitated growth and interdependence of economies (Surugi Surugiu, 2015). Hence, supported by the process of globalization, unprecedented growth in international trade has occurred and each country is dependent on another for goods or services. Rise in regional economic integration blocs such as the European Union: Regional economic integration is also an element of globalization. For example the development of trading blocs like European Union has increased the movement of labor and capital. Trade among EU member countries is high and they follow single monetary policy for trade and business However, such trading blocks can also create between parties competing for regional interest (Pettinger 2017).. Increase in global investment and financial flows: Due to the greater interconnectedness of global market and advanced communication process, new investment opportunities have increased. Hence, it has become easy for market analyst to identify risk and opportunities in business and create positive relationship with countries through growth in trade and investment. It also comple interconnected economied to go on investing to get more profit and maintain economic stability in trade (Chapter-1 : The New Global Challengers, 2017). Reference Chapter-1 : The New Global Challengers. (2017).YouTube. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NRDh5VHQo8 Pettinger, T. (2017).Trading Blocks and Globalisation | Economics Help.Economicshelp.org. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/1019/economics/trading-blocks-and-globalisation/ Surugiu, M. R., Surugiu, C. (2015). International Trade, Globalization and Economic Interdependence between European Countries: Implications for Businesses and Marketing Framework.Procedia Economics and Finance,32, 131-138.

Railroads in Saudi Arabia

Statement of the Problem Saudi Arabia has already developed transportation and communication networks to experience long-term economic growth, expand business, connect national citizen with foreigners, decrease congestion, and ensure more facilities for the people of KSA and tourists.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Railroads in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Library of congress (2006, p.17) reported that the existing railroads remain relatively undeveloped, though demand of rail service is too high in terms of passenger traveling service and cargo handling. In addition, this segment of transportation service remains undeveloped due to lack of long-term initiatives from the private sector and foreign investors. Background The concept of the development of railway transportation networks is a large project in terms of required financial investment, but it is not impossible to implement this project successfully for the private entrepreneurs. This is because Saudi Arabia is the member of World Trade Organization (WTO), which gives the opportunity to the foreign companies to invest and provide technological support for the development of transportation networks; in addition, the policy makers and local investors will be interested in it considering competitive advantage and importance of railway networks. Need Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam and the biggest pilgrimage (religious gatherings) in the world; moreover, all Muslims who are physically able and can afford must make this journey once in a lifetime; therefore, it is the most important priority of the Saudi Arabian Government to ensure flexible, safe, and low cost transportation system for the Muslim World. In addition, the purchasing power of the international customers have reduced due to adverse impact of global economic downturn; therefore, millions of Muslims of the GCC Countries and rest of the world fail to come in KSA to perform the hajj and many pilgrims need to work hard to arrange fund for Airline tickets. At the same time, many old people would like safe journey at low costs, and some of them are not able to find out exact route; as a result, it is essential to develop railroads.Advertising Looking for essay on railway transport? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Library of congress (2006, p.17) reported that more than 790,000 passengers traveled and carried 1.50 million tons of cargo on Saudi trains in 2001; however, the importance of train service is raising due to development of the future economic position and improvement of urban lifestyle. Benefits This project will help millions of Muslims to undertake Hajj with their limited budget, help government ensure safe journey, and increase number of pilgrims and tourists because this project has capacity to serve $1 million passengers and the price of tra in ticket is lower than airline ticket. On the other hand, this railway transportation network will serve the oil exporter and importer, which will save more than $50 million of local companies like SABIC. Qualifications of Personnel Three entrepreneurs Sara Aldossari, Hind alessia, and Reem are the student of Prince Mohammad Bin Fahad University and major is Finance. However, same educational background helps them coordinate the activities of the project particularly convince investors and other parties of the several contracts. In addition, they will assess financial risks of the projects at the very beginning of the projects, which will reduce hazard in the future to implement their projects. At the same time, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahad University has strong reputation in Saudi Arabia to maintain quality education for all students, and three entrepreneurs are the student of the finance department; therefore, bank and other investors will trust in their proposed plan to develop the Train in Saudi Arabia, as they will design their plan considering Dubai railway service. Sara, Hind, and Reem will research on the entire project-plan and visit location to gather experience about the railway transportation and then they will prepare financial plan, annual report of the project, audit report, remuneration plan, annual budget for different departments and functions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Railroads in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, they will be responsible for monitoring the activities of the employees, communicating with the partners, coordinating the works of several segments, meeting conditions of the banks and other investors, ensuring safe workplace and using capital properly. However, all of them have leadership quality and managerial skills; thus, they will lead the company efficiently, motivate the employees, ensure equal opportunity, arrange tr aining program, and improve diversity management, and so on. Data Sources The main inspiration for this project came from the best railway services in certain European and American countries, as well as in Dubai and Iran. However, this report has used secondary data sources, for instance, Library of Congress (2006) and Reuters (2010), which provided information about the current situation of railway and importance of the future development. At the same time, Carey (2011) described about new project of oil exporter and AME Info (2008) emphasized the activities of Ministry of finance and other related authority. For the primary data sources, a survey was conducted amongst regular train travelers and PMU students to gather information to assess the suitability of this project. About 80% respondent answered â€Å"yes† while they were asked if they would prefer to have separated areas for both men and women for performing Salat while doing a train journey (especially for Hajj pilg rims). Conversely, 75% respondent answered â€Å"yes† against the question that if it is necessary to expand railway services in the country for long-term economic growth. About 82% thought that it is viable to spend a bit more for a service that is extremely speedy, and 89% said that they would spend more for scientifically sophisticated, fuel efficient, comfortable, and elegant rail service. Moreover, 78% said that oil exporters need more railway roads to reduce costs. Limitations and Contingencies The implementation of this project involves a number of legal issues, which may have direct impact on the project, such as it needs to take permission from the Saudi Railways Organization along with the other related authority.Advertising Looking for essay on railway transport? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, it is a potential business plan, which would require heavy investment, but foreign investors, banks and other local companies may not rely on the junior entrepreneurs because of lack of experience to execute such a large project. Scope This project-plan provides detailed information along with clarification about the duration to execute the plan, project costs, background, key benefits and significant of the projects, facilities for the human resources, budget of the project, implementation process, methods, services, raw materials, compensation plan, feasibility and description of the anticipated outcomes. Proposed Plan: –  Objectives and Methods This project has an objective to develop the railway network of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with other GCC nations. This mainly focuses on the fact that as the Muslims living in the neighboring Islamic nations face great troubles to come to Saudi Arabia to do Hajj, through this highly advanced rail network, it will be far easier and convenient for them to travel to this holy country for doing hajj. However, apart from pilgrims, this rail network will also serve regular travelers or holidaymakers of KSA and the other GCC nations throughout the year. Moreover, this advanced rail network will also be used for business purposes, for example to transport oil between GCC nations or for transportation of other bulky raw materials. Therefore, the entire rail network will have a number of different routes along with numerous trains. It is quite natural that the feature of the passenger trains and the trains for the cargo and bulk materials will have to be quite different. However, all trains will have to be extremely fast, technologically advanced, fuel efficient, luxurious, aesthetically pleasing, and swift. The high- speed passenger trains, for example, will have superb facilities like discussion chambers (which will have facility to hold sixty visitors at a time), satellite communication, internet, la ptops, laser printer, fax, etc. There will also be divine -library of Islamic books, places for having Salat (it is notable that the places for having Salat will be different for men and women), television for broadcasting national channels of Saudi Arabia, consolation –centre, steam- bathe / shower, exercise rooms, exceptional compartment for bodily handicap people, encumbered small cupboard in every coach, numerous phones, and plasma-TV. The passengers will be able to experience the premium and the greatest train journeys of the world; it is noteworthy that all the passenger trains will be Double Decker with electric stairways; moreover, these trains will have numerous restaurants with high and halal foods. However, setting this railway network will require an approval from the governmental authorities supervising rail sector; afterwards, it will be wise to plan the locations and routes and start the construction works; later on, it will be time to recruit workers and train them. In addition to this, the company will follow certain methods and objectives to carry out the operations after establishment; these are formulated in the chart below. It shows that the business has objectives to constantly improve its customer service, safety, and asset management besides of establishing a high performance culture and better planning; a framework (methods) for managing the business is also shown. Figure 1: Methods and objectives for carrying out the operations.  Source: Self generated Conversely, it is important to state that when it will be time to launch the rail service, strong and varied advertising programs will be undertaken for acknowledging people. Apart from of integrated marketing campaigns, programs like special promotional packages and discounts will be available for the passengers for the first six months. Timetable This is relatively a large and complicated project, which needs a long-time to finish initial paper works, get permission, and sta rt business in new routes. At the same time, it should require a long-time for the communication and create agreement with the key investors and suppliers; therefore, the entrepreneurs need to perform many functions simultaneously. However, the business-plan of railway transportation project need place to the board of directors in board meeting for approval of this project and then it would be possible for the initiators to move for getting permission of government authorities, contracting with foreign investors and local oil exporters and arranging bank loan. However, it can assume that bank will take loan-time to scrutinize the documents and approve the project, but we hope bank will give loan considering the benefits of the railway service for long-term economic growth. At the same time, the entrepreneurs have to spend a long-time to get from the kingdom’s government along with other authorities and recruit efficient employees, purchase lands from the owners, and sign agre ement to collect raw materials from the suppliers. In addition, it is difficult task for the junior entrepreneurs to arrange large fund for the business; therefore, they need to impress large companies like Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco), Mass Transit Railway (MTR), Bombardier Transportation Inc, or other local and foreign companies to invest for their projects. Functions Year First week Second week Third week Fourth week The project-plan need approval January 2011 Submitting proposal in board meeting Waiting for the approval Calling last meeting Getting the approval Contact Communicate with local companies and large oil exporter like SABIC or Saudi ARAMCO February Send official offer Send representative for negotiating Waiting to get reply They give feedback Joint venture agreement March Trying to sign joint venture agreement with any large companies within this month April Submit the business-plan to the local Ba nk to get loan May Bank will review the prospect of the business, ask additional documents and take their decision accordingly June Getting Loan July Bank will provide loan for this project Contact with suppliers to sign contract August Contact with raw material suppliers and third party logistics in order to sign agreement Sep Appointing key personnel for different segments October At first, the managers will advertise to recruit suitable staff for the project and they select considering merit of the applicants Nov Completion of recruitment process Dec Appoint the employees and arrange training program to coordinate project tasks Planning 2012 January In order to start construct, engineers will start designing the entire project Purchasing land for the project February Most of the portion of land need to purchase from the government and rest from public March Starting construction projects April Continue construction and infrastructure development to start ope ration Implementation of information technology April The entrepreneurs also incorporate latest software to develop communication system and coordinate the tasks Finishing construction 2013 Dec It would take about 1 year and 8 months to finish the construction Start service for the customers 2014 January From the first week of January 2014, it will provide service for the customer Table 1: Timetable.  Source: Self generated Materials and Equipment As it is a large project, it will require a huge amount of different materials and equipment for construction, like steel rails, cast and forged, steel wire mesh, steel wire, barbed wire, iron wire mesh, stainless steel wire mesh, and steel sheets. In addition, the project building also requires anchors, geotextiles, bolts, other electrical equipment, other heat insulation materials, multifunctional materials, fencing, trellis and gates, spade and shovel, truck accessories, and so on. However, the high- speed trains will not be made at Saudi Arabia, as the train manufacturers here are not so modern scientifically; therefore, all trains are better to buy from Bombardier Transportation, a rail equipment division of Canadian firm Bombardier Inc, which has headquarters in Berlin – this company produces extremely fast, technologically advanced, fuel efficient, luxurious, and aesthetically pleasing trains. It is notable that Bombardier Inc is the best train producer internationally Personnel Once the business has established, many workers will be recruited; this includes engineers, ICT specialists, company bureaucrats, HR manager, accounts and finance manager, research and development team, manager for marketing department, customer service team, individual freelance contractors, day laborers (for regular repair works), brake operators, conductors, yardmasters, drivers, sentries, sweeping laborers, and so on. Available Facilities Both the passenger and the cargo trains will be very speedy, scientifically sophisticated, energy efficient, well- organized, and visually elegant. The passenger trains will have a range of facilities; for example, it will have a separate area where the pilgrims will be able to enlighten themselves with religious books during their leisure. In addition, it will be having facilities like conference rooms, broadband with high bandwidth, computers, telephones, area for Namaz, deluxe washrooms, TVs, separate place for physically disabled people who are not able to travel like normal people, electric staircases, detached lockers, and halal food courts serving traditional and delicious Saudi Arabian dishes. Needed Facilities This large and complex project requires vast range of facilities, like machineries, equipment, explosives (like dynamite), designation, steel supplies, copper ore supplies, iron in bulk, coal, stone in bulk, as well as supply of hi-tech trains. Most importantly, other necessary facilities that are required in a massive amount includes hard wo rk not just from the entrepreneurs, but also from the engineers, government, workers, designers, collaborative companies, several contractors, day labors, explosive expert team, supplier of high- speed transports, and so on. It is important to state that different facilities are needed from different service providers, that is, the engineers of the rail track, government, collaborative companies, contractors, explosive expert team, and supplier of trains, as shown in the table below: Service providers Facilities needed Description of facilities Engineers of the rail track Construct rail tracks Construct rail tracks in the chosen directions; this should involve huge amount of research and discussion with the entrepreneurs, and with the train suppliers. Supplier of trains (Canadian firm Bombardier Inc) Automated, Double Decker, scientifically modern, and high- speed train This would be one of the major attractions of the rail service; the travelers will be able to experience su perior standards. Explosive expert team dealing with dynamites Clear railway routes, in cases where those are uneven or stony It is better to clear stony paths with bombs, as this requires less time. Contractors Construct railroad stations Building stations is compulsory for any rail service; in this case, the facilities of the stations must be of high standard. Government (governmental authorities supervising railway) Give approval Without getting approval from the concerned authorities, it is not possible to start the business. Contractors Create indicator Indicators must be technologically advanced and elegant in terms of visibility and design. Engineers and Contractors Construct railway bridges where necessary These are necessary where building rail tracks along the road is virtually impossible, for example, where rivers or lakes exist. Engineers of the rail track and collaborators Construct subway where necessary These subways will be as competent as it is in case o f any foreign countries, like Dubai. Table 2: Needed Facilities from different service providers of the railway.  Source: Self generated Cost and Budget: Land Subtotal = 1 billion Purchase office 10 million Design Project-Plan 5 million Licensing other contract 30 million Maintenance 25 million Legal cost 5 million Other 25 million Materials and Equipment Subtotal = 4.7 billion Steel related products Wire Iron Ore Geotextile Bolts Electric equipment Train Other 70 million 13 million 1 billion 12 million 10 million 15 million 1.5 billion 1 billion Personnel Signaling staff Expert Staff Fulltime financial Staff Human resource department Research Other employees Subtotal = 1 billion 5 million 50 million 20 million 6 million 4 million 15 million Total Funding Request = $ 6.7 billion Table 3: Cost and Budget.  Source: Self generated Expected Results The pilgrims and other foreign travelers from all the neighboring countrie s as well as the local residents will discover that it is much useful and wise to take a trip in such a rail service, which is pleasant, protected, very rapid, relaxing, and pleasing to the eye. This means that this rail service will be having countless customers on a regular basis. As a result, the profits will be highly impressive on a regular basis. In addition, as the numbers of foreign pilgrims are increasing gradually, this means that year on year, the amount of revenues of the company will keep on increasing steadily giving the business a chance to grow more rapidly, and open up services on new routes as a part of the business expansion strategy. With the retained profit, the company would also try to invest more on its cargo facilities in order to transport crude oil from the other prospective- countries, which will help it to increase the profits further. It is essential to note that besides of helping the business to boost profits, the activities of the company would also keep significant contributions over the economy of the country. Such huge amount of revenues would mean that Saudi Arabia would be having a further raise in the gross domestic product. As a result, the index of per capita income will rise further; this will show that the other economic indicators, like standards of living, for example, are developing. Such positive economic indicators would in turn improve the reputation of the country in front of the world’s superpower nations, showing a strengthening economic position. This business will also keep a positive contribution to the society by providing a great number of job opportunities locally; therefore, the rate of unemployment would lower down as well. Feasibility The rail network will be serving regular travelers both nationally and internationally. As discussed earlier, this project has an objective to develop the railway network of Saudi Arabia with other GCC nations mainly focusing on the fact that as the Muslims livin g in the neighboring Islamic nations face great troubles to come to Saudi Arabia to do Hajj, this highly advanced rail network will make everything easier for them. Considering the fact that most of the foreign travelers will find it more convenient to travel in a train that is nice, safe, high- speed, and comfortable, it seems quite natural that there would be a huge number of customers annually; the following table shows that how the numbers of foreign pilgrims are increasing gradually: Year Number of Pilgrims 1920 – – – 58584 people 1921 – – – 57255 people 1922 – – – 56319 people 1994 – – – 1080465 people 1996 – – – 1168591 people 1997 – – – 1132344 people 1998 – – – 1363992 people 2001 – – – 1534759 people 2005 – – – 1654407 people 2006 – –  œ 1707814 people 2007 – – – 172984 people 2008 – – – 1613000 people 2009 – – – 1799601 people 2010 – – – 1828195 people Table 4: Numbers of foreign pilgrims annually.  Source: Self generated Conclusion If this railway project remains successful, it would be a great achievement as students of Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University. This plan is beneficial because it is not just profitable for the entrepreneurs of the business, but the huge revenues will mean a great contribution for the further development of economic indicators like gross domestic product, per capita income, and living standards. In addition, it would assist the society by creating many employment opportunities for the residents of Saudi Arabia, lowering down the rate of unemployment. Reference List AME Info. (2008). Saudi rail projects begin to move ahead. Web. Carey, G. (2011). Saudis Build Railway to Ease Oil Depend ence. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-10-11/saudis-lay-2-400-miles-of-rail-to-ease-oil-dependence-freight Library of Congress. (2006). Country Profile of Saudi Arabia. Web. Reuters. (2010). Saudi Arabia opens Chinese-built hajj pilgrimage train. Retrieved from http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2010/11/14/saudi-arabia-opens-chinese-built-haj-pilgrimage-train/ This essay on Railroads in Saudi Arabia was written and submitted by user Brett Buckley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.